Nekumanikidza kuri kuwedzera kwezviwanikwa uye zvakatipoteredza munyika yedu, madhipatimendi ehurumende akakurudzira zvinangwa zve "kuzadzisa budiriro yakadzikama, kuvaka nzanga inochengetedza zviwanikwa uye ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza" uye "kuve nechokwadi chekuderedzwa kwe20% mukushandiswa kwesimba uye kuderedzwa kwegumi muzana mukuburitswa kwese kwezvinosvibisa zvakakura sezvakatemwa muChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu". MuChina,castinginoita basa rakakosha kwazvo muindasitiri yekugadzira michina, iine kugadzirwa kwekutanga munyika kwemakore matanhatu akateedzana. Kune anopfuura 27000 mabhizinesi ekukanda, pakati pawo, kunze kwemabhizinesi mashoma mashoma ane tekinoroji yekukanda, yakanakisa midziyo yekugadzira, uye matanho ekudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza, mazhinji emabhizinesi ekukanda achine echinyakare yekugadzira tekinoroji, midziyo yekugadzira yechinyakare, uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza nharaunda dzisina kuiswa pachirongwa chebasa.
Indasitiri yekutanga munyika yedu yakatarisana nematambudziko akakura mukuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Maererano nemishumo, 80% kusvika 95% yeChinacastingmafekitari anonyanya kushandisa kuumbwa kwemaoko, uye isingasviki 5% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabhomba anoputika ane zvivakwa zvinoshanda zvekuchengetedza nharaunda. Pamusoro pe80% yemabhizinesi ekukanda ane hutsinye pa-saiti nharaunda, yakashata mamiriro ekushanda, kumashure ekugadzira tekinoroji, uye yakakura nzira dzekugadzira. Kubva pamaonero echimiro cheindasitiri yekukanda, mabhizinesi ane ese ari maviri minda yekukanda kana maworkshops ari pasi peiyo inogadziridza chirimwa chekugadzira, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekukanda zvidyarwa uye nhamba huru yezvidyarwa zvekukanda mataundi. Panyaya yedanho rekugadzira uye chiyero, kune ese mahombe ekutanga ane yakakwira mechanisa, tekinoroji yepamusoro, uye gore negore kubuda kwemakumi ezviuru zvematani ecastings, pamwe chete nediki dzakavambwa nemidziyo iri nyore, mashandiro emaoko, tekinoroji yechinyakare, uye kuburitswa kwepagore kweanopfuura zana matani ekukanda. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwekukanganisa kwesimba, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, uye mitengo yevashandi, kugadzirwa kwezvakagadzirwa munyika dzakasimukira dzekuMadokero maindasitiri kwakadzikira, uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakatendeukira kunyika dzichiri kusimukira kuti vatenge majekiseni akajairwa, ukuwo vachiendesa kunze kwemhando yepamusoro yemhando yepamusoro tekinoroji uye yakawedzera kukosha kune nyika dzichiri kusimukira. Parizvino, kukurumidza kwekudyidzana kwepasi rose kwehupfumi hwenyika kunopa mikana nematambudziko ekusimudzira indasitiri yeChina yekutanga. Iko kudiwa kweChinese castings mumisika yepasirese neyemukati menyika iri kuratidza kukura kwakasimba maitiro.
Kukandira midziyo,kukanda jecha kugadzirisa kuumba
Zvichienderana nedanho razvino retekinoroji yekukanda uye matambudziko makuru muChina, chinyorwa ichi chinoongorora nzira dzinoshanda dzekuwana "girinhi uye ine hushamwari kukanda" kubva kune zvinotevera zvinhu:
1.Kukudziridzwa kwemaitiro egirinhi ekugadzira indasitiri yevakatanga kunosanganisira matekinoroji akakosha senge chigadzirwa dhizaini uye nzira, tekinoroji yekushandisa, nzira dzekugadzira uye tekinoroji yemidziyo, tekinoroji yekuyedza, automation tekinoroji, nezvimwe. Izvi zvine hukama, zvinoenderana, uye zvakakosha zvikamu zvekupona kweindasitiri yekutanga uye budiriro Dhizaini yakasvibirira yakasvibirira uye yekukanda maitiro kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwezvakasvibirira uye kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwezvakasvibirira. yekukanda mukati mehupenyu hwavo hwese patsime Tichifunga nezve zvakakosha zvinopesvedzera zvinhu zvekushandisa zvakananga simba, zviwanikwa, uye kubuda kwezvinosvibisa uye marara, tekinoroji yekukandira yegirinhi uye tekinoroji yemidziyo yekugadzira inogamuchirwa kushandura mbishi uye zvinhu zvekubatsira (mipumburu) kuita castings (zvinobatsira zvinobuda), nokudaro vachiwana yechokwadi "girinhi uye ine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza kukanda" kugadzirwa uye inotsiva yavo yekushandisa yakasvibirira uye yakasvibira zvinhu zvechinyakare uye zvechinyakare zvigadzirwa. kushandisa matekinoroji; ④ Kugamuchira epamberi, nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana yekuona uye kutonga tekinoroji, kugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira, kubvisa kana kuderedza kurasa tsvina, kuvandudza goho rekukanda, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nekuonekwa kusingatarisirwi kana kusaziva, uye kuwana "kukanda kwakasvibira uye kunoenderana nenharaunda"; ⑤ Kutora kunoshanda uye kunoshanda kwekupedzisira kwepombi kurapwa matekinoroji kuderedza kubuda kwezvinosvibisa nharaunda. Pamusoro pekukurudzira zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvezvinhu zviri pamusoro, zvinodikanwa zvakare kusanganisa nemamiriro epasirese eChina indasitiri yekuvamba, kuitira kuti mabhizinesi atore chirongwa chekutonga chakanakisa (chinodhura-chinodhura, chepamusoro-soro) kuti uwane kuburitswa kwekupedzisira kunosangana nemamiriro ekunze ezvakatipoteredza.
2. Kutanga kubva kwakasiyana-siyana senge tekinoroji yekukanda, zvinhu zvekuumba, uye midziyo yekukanda
Mamiriro ezvinhu aripo ekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza muChina's foundry industry ari kunetsa. Nhamburiko dzinogona kuitwa kusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza muindasitiri yekuvamba kubva kuzvinhu zvakasiyana senge tekinoroji yekukanda, zvinhu zvekuumba, uye midziyo yekukanda: ① Tekinoroji yekukanda uye zvinhu zvekuumba: Kukanda jecha ndiyo nzira huru yekukanda tekinoroji, inoverengera 80% kusvika 90% yezvese kugadzirwa. Mukugadzirwa kwekukandira, kusvibiswa kweguruva, kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye kusvibiswa kwakasimba kunokonzerwa nekugadzira zvinhu zvekukanda jecha ndizvo zvakanyanya kuipa. Naizvozvo, kuti uwane kugadzirwa kwakasvibira uye kwakachena mukukandira jecha, girini inorganic binders dzinofanirwa kushandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye huwandu hwemabhaidhi hwakawedzerwa hunofanira kudzikiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira (zvichida pasina mabhaidha). Izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru pakugadzirisa dambudziko rekudzokorodza jecha rekare uye zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kudzvanyirira kwezvakatipoteredza. Pakati penzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekukanda jecha dziripo parizvino, kukanda furo rakarasika uye V-nzira yekukandira uchishandisa adhesive yemahara yakaoma jecha kuumbwa, pamwe nejecha remvura rinokandira jecha rine adhesive, ndiyo inonyanya mukana wekuita "girinhi uye ine hushamwari kukanda" maitiro ekugadzira. Iyo inonamira yemahara yakarasika yekukanda furo inozivikanwa se "itsva yekukanda tekinoroji yezana ramakore rechi 21" uye "girinhi engineering mukukanda" Kukandira midziyo: Parizvino, mazhinji eChina masimbi esimbi anonyungudutswa uye anogadzirwa achishandisa mavira anoputika, anoshandisa akachena uye akareba-hupenyu zvinhu zvinodzivirira, yakakwirira-inopisa inopisa inoenderera mberi kuputika mavira, uye kutakura simbi yekudururira mvura. kuwanda kwesimbi oxidation uye chizvarwa che slag; Kutora matanho anokurudzirwa eInternational Council for Casting Environment Control yekunatswa kwekutanga kwemidziyo yechoto kunogona kuderedza kubuda kweguruva panguva yekunyungudika; Kushandiswa kwemvura-yakatonhorera granulation slag tekinoroji inogona kuita slag chinhu chakanyanya hunyanzvi hwekuvaka; Shandisa zvakakwana exhaust gasi kubva muchoto chinoputika. Uye zvakare, mukugadzira kugadzirwa, gadzira midziyo inogadzira huruva uye ruzha, sekufambisa, kuongorora, kuchenesa, uye jecha rekudonhedza michina, inogona kuvandudzwa kubva pachigadzirwa chimiro kuderedza kana kubvisa guruva.
3. Kugadzira matekinoroji matsva ekushandisa zviwanikwa zvemarara egasi kuchengetedza nharaunda uye kuwedzera kuchengetedza zviwanikwa chave chinangwa chekukurumidzira chinoteverwa nevashandi vekutanga munyika dzakasiyana. Naizvozvo, kana mabhizinesi ekutanga eChina achivaka kana kuita shanduko yetekinoroji, anofanirwawo kurongedza kushandiswa kwakazara kwemarara. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kubva pazvinhu zvinotevera: ① Paunenge uchigadzira zvirongwa zveshanduko, tanga wafunga nezvekuwedzera mari mukuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zvinokurudzirwa kuti kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekudyara account kune inodarika 15% yemari yese; ② Kutora michina yekukanda yemhando yepamusoro inogadzirwa, otomatiki, uye yakavharirwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza; ③ Kutora nzira dzakachena dzekugadzira kuvandudza nharaunda yekushanda; ④ Gadzira matekinoroji matsva ekushandisa zviwanikwa zvemarara nekutaura nzira dzekurasa marara dzemabhizinesi ekunze ekutanga; ⑤ Teerera kune misimboti yekudzikisa, kushandisazve, uye kudzokorodza muhupfumi hwedenderedzwa.
Kukandwa kwegirini uye zvine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza "kuratidzwa kwehurongwa hwekusimudzira magariro muindasitiri yekugadzira." Kutanga kubva pakusimba kwekugadzira, tekinoroji, chiyero chemhando yechigadzirwa, mashandisirwo emagetsi uye zvigadzirwa, kukanda matarenda etekinoroji, danho rekutonga, uye kuburitswa kwejecha remarara, gasi remarara, guruva, marara, ruzha, nezvimwewo. matambudziko aripo, uye zvakakosha zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza dhizaini yeindasitiri yekukanda uye tekinoroji nhanho, zviyero zvekutanga zvekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvezvakasiyana zvekugadzira zvinongedzo mukugadzira nzira yekugadzira inotangwa sezvinangwa zvekuvaka kutsva, kugadziridza, kuwedzera, uye tekinoroji shanduko mapurojekiti emabhizinesi ekukanda eChina maitiro akajairwa, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunosimudzira zvine hushamwari, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuzadzisa zvine hushamwari. tekinoroji level yeChina yekutanga indasitiri kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekukurumidza kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-10-2025